MARGARETHA DAMANIK
CHILD HEALTH STATUS IN INDONESIA
@Indonesia is one of developing countries in South East Asia and had fourth population in the world after China, India and United States, it was projected increase to 195.8 million people in 1995. The total fertility rate was predicted to decline to 3.49 in period 1985-1990 and the year 2015 will be further reduced to 1.80. Crude birth rate in the period 1971-1980 was 36.4 per 1000 live birth and in 1985-1990 is expected to be 27.1 per 1000 live birth.
Based on the National house hold survey 1986, the trend of under nutrition and worst nutrition among children under five years of age is decreasing. The infant mortality rate has decreased sharply since 1980, it was 99.9 in 1980 and 71.8 in 1986 and it is possible to reduce the IMR to a level below 35 per 1000 live birth by the year 2000. The child mortality rate was significantly decrease from 19.6 per 1000 children 1-4 years old in 1980 to 10.6 in 1986. The 1980 and 1986 SKRTs found some change in the disease pattern among infant with rate for ARI, diarrhea, diphtheria, pertussis and measles decreasing slightly.
North Sumatera is one of the 27th provinces in Indonesia, this province is divided into 11 Kabupaten, 6 Kotamadya, 243 Kecamatan and 5222 Kelurahan. Its total large area is 71.680 km2 with total population was 10,981,100 in 1994 with an average annual population growth rate of 1.69%. A majority of the North Sumatera population lives in rural areas (61.93%) and 38.07% live in urban areas. Total man's population under one year old was 187,536 (1.73%), 1-4 years was 555,264 (5.13%), 5-14 years was 1,455,600 (13.46%). Woman below one year was 156,507 (1.45%), 1-4 years was 558,493 (5.16%), 5-14 years was 1,403,600 (12.98%). Life expectancy at birth increases from year to year. In 1994 life expectancy at birth was 63.78 years, Crude Birth rate and crude death rate were 27.70 and 7.30 per 1000 population respectively.
Infection and malnutrition are the main problems causing increasing morbidity and mortality of the children. Morbidity rate according to the National house hold survey (SKRT) in 1990 was 8.3%. Infection diseases which are found in out patient of community health centres are URI, diarrhea, malaria, commond cold, bronchitis, pneumonia, skin diseases, helminthiasis, bacillary dysentery, eye diseases and ear diseases. The most common diseases in hospital in patient are diarrhea, URI, DHF, meningitis, bronchitis, anemia, hepatitis, asphyxia, pneumonia, GIT infection, measles and TB. Immunization coverage is satisfied enough, that is 114.9% for BCG,117.3% for DPT1, 109.1% for Polio 3, and 107.4% for measles.
Infant Mortality Rate decreases from year to year. In 1994 IMR was 54 per 1000 live birth. Maternal mortality rate (MMR) according to SKRT result in 1992 was 9.2 per 1000 live birth. The main problems of nutrition program are protein calorie malnutrition, vitamin A deficiency, disorder from decreasing iodine and nutritional anemia.
Until year of 1994 in North Sumatera total of hospital are 126 units, 377 units Primary Health Centre, 1702 units Secondary Health Centre, 314 units mobile health centre and total of bed are 15570. Total of health staff 1588 people divide into 872 person (54.91%) in primary and secondary health centre, 601 person (37.85%) in hospital and 115 person (7.24%) in other health units.
been governed for several years by a woman Prime Minister, health statistics of women in our country are not impressive. The female male ratio in our population is 929, only 34% of
